Lecture # 12: Learning From Data

Learning From Data

Context Of Learning:

Through collaboration and intelligence layer improve learning of machine, Different technologies are,

1. Artificial Intelligence
2. Expert System
3. Case Based Reasoning
4. Data Warehousing
5. Intelligent agent
6. Neural Network

Goals of Learning:

Goals of learning is to improve the communication and decision making techniques.

Learning From Data:

Building an environment to improve experience,

Top Down Approch :

1. Generate Ideas
2. Develop models
3. Validate models

Bottom Up Approach:

1. No hypothesis
2. Discover new patterns

Data Visualization:

Express the visually for trends for making decision. Data includes,

• Identify key attributes
• Extracting interesting group of data

Neural Networks:

Supervised Learning:

This technique needs teacher.

Unsupervised Learning:

This technique does not need any teacher.

Lecture # 11: Knowledge Transfer in the E-World

Knowledge Transfer in the E-World

The E World

The E-World may be define by different terms,

Intranets:  With in the organization for knowledge sharing.

Extra-nets: For multiple companies which connect one another for knowledge sharing

Groupware: It help people to work together, despite the distance and region differences for example,

1. Email
2. Chat groups
3. Video communication
4. Group calendar 

Supply Change Management:

SCM is the business term define as,

The availability of product at right time and right place, with collaboration. This helps employees to share there knowledge with other companies employees and make decision on the bases of record.

Customer Relation Management:

Customer is very important in any business, and old saying is,

                         "Customer is always right"

CRM is used to improve the relationship between customer and employee. It improve company sales and build a trust.

Lecture # 10: Knowledge Transfer and Sharing

Knowledge Transfer and Sharing

Fundamental of Knowledge Sharing:

1. Part of learning organization.
2. Transfer the knowledge
3. Facilitate sharing of knowledge
4. Work to gether
5. Sharing must be secure.

Knowledge Doing Gap:

1. An organization knows the solution but afraid of doing some actions
2. Make organization able to do corrections
3. Building an enviornment an agree the employess to share knowledge with each other

Successfull Knowledge Sharing:

1. Trust with in organization
2. Cooperation
3. Accommodate the change
4. Reasoning
5. Doing is better than talking
6. Job satisfaction

Role of Internet:

1. Through internet knowledge sharing is easy
2. Allow to access different user at a time.
3. Integeration of systems
4. Social networking

Lecture # 9: System Testing and Deployment

System Testing and Deployment

Quality Assurance:

Quality: The standard of measuring something against other things of a similar kinds.
Performance depend highly on quality of explicitly/tacit knowledge.

In the eyes of expert, quality relates the process reliable and accurate solutions.
In the eyes of user, ease of use and system, system must work efficient.

In the eyes of Knowledge Developer, Quality relates the valid knowledge sources.

KMS Testing:

                                 Control the quality and performance and efficiency of KBMS.

Type of Testing:

Logical Testing: System produce correct result.

User accepting test: Behavior in realistic environment.

Issues in KBMS Testing:

1. Nature of Tacit knowledge.

2. Reliable specifications.

3. Completion of Knowledge.

4. Human errors.

5. User interface problems.

Logical Errors and attributes:

Consistence: Do same job at same time regularly are known as consistence and accurate.
                    Do same job on different time are known as consistence.

Confidence: Individuals decision making.

Correctness: Correctness of system.

Reliability: Knowledge base reliability.

Contents of Test Plans:

1. List the items of KM system.

2. Schedule of user acceptance.

3. Test methods approved by user and company.

4. Documenting test results.

System Deployment:

1. Technical

2. Organizational

3. Procedural.

4. Behavioral

5. Political

                             "You are the Knowledge Developer and you are the Expert" 

Lecture #8: Knowledge Codification

Knowledge Codification

Knowledge Codification:

1. Converting tacit into explicit.

2. Converting undocumet into decoumented form.

3. Representing and organizing knowledge.

4. Highest return for the business.

5. Explicit knowledge is organized and categorized.

6. It is making institutional knowledge visible.

Benefits of Knowledge Codification.

1. Instruction/Training: Promoting training.

2. Prediction: Inferring the likely outcome of a given situation.

3. Daignosis: Check casual factors.

4. Planning/Schedule: Mapping the course.

                     "Hope for the best plan for the worst"                                     

Modes of Knowledge Conversion:

        

Codification Tools:

1. Knowledge Map: Visual representation of knowledge, Also applied in knowledge capture. It is very useful when it is require to visualize.

2.The Building Cycle: Resides knowlege simply point to it and add instructions.

3. Decision Table: Like a spreadsheet, which consists condition and conclusion.

4. Decisions Tree: It is a hierarchically arrange semantic network.

5. Frames: Represent knowledge about particular idea. 

6. Production Rules: Rules are conditional statements that specify an action.

example: 

if patient has high levels of the enzyme ferritin in their blood
    and patient has the Cys282→Tyr mutation in HFE gene
then conclude patient has haemochromatosis*

7. Case-Based Reasoning: Use of past experience to arrives at conclusion.

Lecture # 7: Other Knowledge Capture Techniques

Knowledge Capture Techniques

Onsite Observation:

                                                   Onsite Observation is the knowledge of working world of experts, Now it may be visual or live interaction. The knowledge developer must listen instead of advicing the experts because he/she distract the expert and not follow the normal procedure this is the con of Onsite Observation. If knowledge developer is not interrupted the expert so expert proceed their most effective and realisttic form.

Brainstorming:

                                      Brainstorming is a group problem-solving technique that includes the spontaneous contribution of the ideas from all the group members. It is also an informal way to gathered the points and ideas from group members on topic.

Electronic Brainstorming:

                                                                   In the modern area the group meetng is conducted for brainstorming by using the computers on some point. This improve the communication between the group members all members easily feedback their ideas.

Protocol Analysis:

                                              It is a psychological method that elicits verbal reports from research participants. Protocols are collected by asking to solve the problem directly what they think.

Consensus Decision Making:

                                                                       It is a process used by group seeking to generate widespread levels of participating and agrement.

Nominal Group Technique:

                                                                    It is an interface between the Consensus and Brainstorming. Which includes the expert pannel. Ideawritting is a structured group approch used by for developing ideas as well asexploring their meaning.

Steps of NGT:

1. Generating Ideas.

2. Recording Ideas.

3. Discussing Ideas.

4. Voting on Ideas.

Advantages of NGT:

1. Generates a greater number of ideas than traditional group discusions.

2. Power of opinion maker.

3. Diminishes the competation.

4. Encourages the participants.

Disadvantages of NGT:

1. Requires preperations.

2. Minimizes discussion.

Delphi Method:

                                     A forecasting method based on the results of questionnaires sent to a pannel of experts. Several questionnaires are sent out, and the anonymus responses are aggregated and shared with the group after each round.

Lecture # 6 Capturing Tacit Knowledge

Interview

interview:

Interview is a conversation between two or mor then two peoples aim to get knowledge from interviewee. Interviews are conducted by hir members of company, in other hand media employess (anchor persons) to peoples.

Types Of Interview:

Basically there are three types of Interviews,

Structured: (Mcq's Type question used for specific information.)

Sem Structured: (Allow user to input his/her own information.)

Unstructured: (Debating type no question nor any specific answer.)

Things To Avoid:

                          "A good thief is better then scholars"

Don't interrupt Don't ask any questions who make expert defensive and Don't loss control.

Inconsistency, Communication gap, Repone bias, Standarized questions, Lengthy questions and Long interviews are the problems encountered during the interview. If you want to do give a succefull interview so follow the quote,
                           "Never ask a women her age, Man his salary and Student his marks"